MS Excel's Solver - Really Solves Real World Financial Problems

Greetings !!

Today I'll be throwing light over some important applications of Excel's Solver Tool with respect to real life financial problems. Here, we will see that how this magical tool executes following "Monsters" before they can even make note of that.

*Pls Note: This Intel is devoted to Solver tool only, detailed explanation of various calculations(like NPV etc.) is beyond the scope of this Intel.

Monster 1 - Complex Mathematical Problem.

Suppose, mathematical formula given by

Y = R*(N+R)+N*(1+R/X)*(X+N/X)+(N/X)*(1+R/N)/(N+4)

Subject to constraints :-

X greater than or equal to 5
R = 15
N = (1+R/X) and N smaller than or equal to 1.5

We have to find the value of X for which Y is minimum.

Killing Monster 1 - Refer to Figure 1

Variables Y, X, R, N are entered in cells A1 to A4
Enter formula as shown in the figure in B1 to calculate Y
Enter any arbitrary values in cells B2 & B3
Enter formula =(1+B3/B2) in cell B4

Go To Tools - Solver, It will open solver window as shown, Enter Solver parameters as shown in the figure and click Solve.

We will find that for value X = 30, Y is minimum i.e. 315
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Monster 2 - Cost of Capital (Cost of Debt Borrowing)

Simplest Formula for calculating Pre-Tax Cost of Debt is as Shown in Figure 2, Kd represents the pre-tax cost of Debt Borrowing.

Now I want to know minimum rate of return that Firm must earn from the raised capital through debt/bond whose current value is 1200 Euro, Maturity Value 2000 Euro, Annual Coupon rate is 10% and maturity period is 10 years.

Killing Monster 2 - Refer again to Figure 2

We can see the formula entered in cell B1, Enter solver parameter as shown and click solve.

We will find that, Firm must earn atleast 14% (i.e after-tax cost of debt) to maintain its value.
------

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Monster 3 - Capital Budgeting (Buy Vs Leasing)

Lessee has 2 Options, either to purchase an equipment or lease it. (Terms of above options are as given in the figure 3). Now it is required for lessor to find the maximum lease rate that will be accepted by Lessee.

Killing Monster 3- Refer to Figure 3

Firstly it is required to calculate the Net present Value (NPV) of cashflows from the two options. Lessee will accept any lease rate which is less than or equal to the rate at which NPV from both the options is equal.

So from figure, by using help of Solver Tool, we can find that Lessee will accept lease rate smaller than or equal to 10%, because at this lease rate, NPV from both options will be equal, so he/she will be interested in opting Lease option, in which he/she has to pay equal or less lease interest payments than 10%.
------

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List is very long, this can go on and on....

I think these three examples have given a good idea about Excel Solver tool.

See ya.... Don't forget to comment... Cheers !!

Original Article: http://www.qondio.com/ms-excels-solver-really-solves-real-world-financial-problems

Analysis of World Stock Markets

Greetings !!

Hope everybody is fine, and enjoying life at its fullest. As, I am still searching a good job, last week I had full time to spend in analyzing World Stock Markets and their performance over last 10 years. It's an ongoing process but I would like to share some of the findings till now, one can consider it as a detailed excerpt.

Data used : From Jan 01, 2001 to Dec 31, 2011
*For S&P Global 100 and S&P Global 1200, only last 5 years data was available.

Market Indices taken in consider : S&P 500, NASDAQ, DOW JONES, NIKKEI 225, IBOVESPA, RTSI, NIFTY, BSE SENSEX, SHANGHAI, HANG SENG, KOSPI, STRAIT TIMES, DAX, FTSE 100, CAC 40, S&P GLOBAL 100, S&P GLOBAL 1200

Economic Factors considered : GDP Growth Rate, Investment(as %GDP), Gross National Savings (as %GDP), Average Inflation(CPI YOY Basis), Change in Import volume of goods and services, Change in Export volume of goods and services, Unemployment rate, General Government Expenditure(as %GDP), General Government Revenue(as %GDP), General Government Net Lending/Borrowing(as %GDP), Current account balance(as %GDP), Real Interest Rate

Tools Used : Microsoft Excel 2003, SPSS Statistics 17.0

This excerpt be will limited to below attached 10 images/figures.

Figure 1

It depicts absolute 10 year return of Major Stock Markets in the world. Russian RTSI has clearly outperformed other indices while Indian, Brazil & South Korean Indices have managed to give decent return as compared to others over last 10 years. It is interesting to know that US & European Markets have failed to give any significant return during the same period. Clearly Emerging Markets have outperformed others in terms of 10 year return.

Figure 2

It depicts yearly return at a point of time. Russian RTSI, China SHANGHAI, Brazil IBOVESPA & Indian BSE Sensex have been most active indices, both on upside and downside of the return scale. Russian RTSI seen to be most volatile index among all.

Figure 3

This is simple and quite interesting depiction of Return against its Variability/Volatility of major stock indices. SHANGHAI has large difference between its mean & median return over last 10 years while US & European Markets have comparatively less standard deviation(i.e they are comparatively more stable) but they failed to give any significant magnitude of return to investors.

KOSPI, BSE Sensex, Nifty 50, IBOVESPA & RTSI have clearly emerged out as favorite as their mean & median return are almost similar and not very far from the standard deviation line with comparatively decent returns.

Here nature and behavior of S&P Global 100 & S&P Global 1200 indices are not so Global. They still resembles majorly developed markets only, emerging markets seems to have very little space in their global indices composition. That's why I choose not to analysis these so called Global Indices further.

Figure 4

It shows correlation among World Stock Markets. It can easily be seen that all these indices' return are highly & positively correlated with each other. HANGSENG & Strait Times are two mostly correlated indices with rest of the world indices(specially SHANGHAI).

Figure 5a & 5b

These 2D figures shows behavior of US Market Indices and various economic factors/variables over last 10 years. Among all, Unemployment Rate and Government Revenue seems to be two most correlated economic factors with US Market Indices' return.

Figure 6a & 6b

These 2D figures shows behavior of Indian Market Indices and various economic factors/variables over last 10 years. These factors individually are not highly correlated with the Indian Market Indices' return. GDP Growth Rate is most positively correlated factor among all.

Figure 7

It shows the regression equation of US S&P Index Return with respect to various economic factors affecting it. It is interesting to note that out of considered economic factors, Index return is increasing with increase in Unemployment Rate and Average Inflation(CPI). This needs further research.

Figure 8

It shows the regression equation of Indian Nifty 50 Index Return with respect to various economic factors affecting it. It is interesting to note that constant value is negative and Index return decreases with increase in exports. This needs further research.

Not sure, how accurately & rationally I made my effort, but it surely gives a brief insight about World Stock Indices and their respective behavior over last 10 years.

Hoping it was worth to read... Always Love to have comments/corrections/opinions... Have A Great Day... Cheers !!

Original Article : http://www.qondio.com/world-stock-markets-from-my-eyes

How Tax & Inflation eat my Investments' Return

Hi All,

Hmm.. tough time, specially with these monsters called "Tax" and ever rising "Inflation" around. They resemble "Piranhas" in eating up return on my investments. Here, how they are...

Impact of Tax alone

Considering only "Income Tax" for now, suppose I invest $1000 in 1 year Bank Fixed Deposit fetching around 10% nominal interest rate compounded annually and my little income falls into 10% tax slab.

After 1 year, invested $1000 fetching 10% return becomes (1+0.10)*$1000 = $1100,
making my nominal gain $1100-$1000 = $100

But due to tax, Gain after Tax = $100(1-0.10)= $90
i.e my effective return(after tax) will be $90/$1000 = 9%

So, tax eats up my 1% return for the given scenario.


Impact of Inflation alone

Considering same investment of $1000 in 1 year Bank Fixed Deposit fetching around 10% nominal interest rate compounded annually and assuming annual inflation rate of 10%.

After 1 year, invested $1000 fetching 10% return becomes (1+0.10)*$1000 = $1100

But due to inflation, the purchasing power of $1100 after one year is same as purchasing power of $1100/(1+0.10) = $1000 right now. That means, with 10% inflation and 10% return on investment, my effective return is 0%, yes a big "ZERO" or In other words, my purchasing power remains the same.

So, inflation eats up my whole return for the given scenario.


Combined Impact of Tax and Inflation

Considering same example, investing $1000 in 1 year Bank Fixed Deposit fetching around 10% nominal interest rate compounded annually, my little income falls into 10% tax slab and assuming annual inflation rate of 10%.

After 1 year, invested $1000 fetching 10% return becomes (1+0.10)*$1000 = $1100,
making my nominal gain $1100-$1000 = $100

But due to tax, Gain after Tax = $100(1-0.10)= $90, and after-tax inflow will be $1090.

Now, its reduced purchasing power due to inflation is given by $1090/(1+0.10) = $990.91, i.e net return after tax and inflation will ($990.91-$1000)/$1000 = -0.91%

It means, in actual I am losing my money(by 0.91% a year), if I invest in current scenario.

So, Does it mean that I stop investing ???

No, because if I don't invest, then considering 10% inflation rate, my uninvested amount $1000 becomes $1000/(1+0.10) = $909.09 after 1 year and that means, I'll be losing my money/purchasing power by 9% which is 10 times higher than 0.9%.

I should keep on investing and try to invest in an alternative that can fetch higher return to nullify the combined effect of tax and inflation.

It should fetch return higher than {[(1-tax rate)*nominal interest rate]- inflation rate}/(1+inflation rate), in order to have effective gain over an investment.


Be a smart investor rather than being just an investor... Hope it was worth to read...  !!

Original Article : http://www.qondio.com/how-tax-inflation-eat-my-investments-return

Tricky Average: Mean, Median & Mode

Hi,
Hoping you all are in great health and enjoying prosperous time.

Its been long since I last post my Intel. Hey !! Here I come, this time throwing some light on a tricky statistical/mathematical tool called "Average". Going by definition "An Average is a measure of a central tendency or in other words, it's a value that defines the whole set of values to which it belongs."

Now many of us may believe that "Average" and "Mean" is exactly same... hmm... but that is only 1/3 of the truth. Yes, you heard me right, any one of the terrific trio in stats "Mean", "Median" or "Mode" can be regarded as an "Average" individually.
 
Mean, we know, arithmetic mean i.e sum of values divided by total no. of values. Median is the central value that divides a set of values into 2 halves i.e upper 50% and lower 50% while Mode is the value that appears most in a set of values.
Example : for values 1,2,2,3,4,5,6
Mean = 3.28, Median = 3, Mode = 2
Now, there is a trick/catch, which is being used to fool/dupe customers, don't believe me.... See by yourself...
Let suppose, I have to buy a laptop and I visit some electronic store. Salesman gives me following 3 options with respective ratings* :-
Brand 1 - Average Rating 4 out of 5
Brand 2 - Average Rating 3 out of 5
Brand 3 - Average Rating 5 out of 5
*ratings based on last 10 respective customers reviews

Now, on first look I may go for Brand 3, as it has the best rating among all three, But Hey !! I am not a guy who can be easily fooled or duped. The term "Average" doesn't give me ample information which I would like to have. Rather, I would be interested in knowing whether "Average" here refers to Mean or Median or Mode.

Now, have a look at detailed rating data given by last 10 respective customers below :-
Brand 1 - 4,3,3,4,4,4,4,5,4,5
Brand 2 - 1,2,2,2,3,3,4,4,4,4
Brand 3 - 1,2,2,1,3,4,5,5,5,3

It is clear from above data that,
Brand 1 used "Mean" as an Average
Brand 2 used "Median" as an Average
Brand 3 used "Mode" as an Average

In Brand 2 & Brand 3 there is large variations among their respective customer ratings while Brand 1 seems to have comparatively stable, consistent and high ratings. So, my final decision will definitely be to buy Brand 1.
 
Hope it was interesting and worth enough to read.... always love to have your precious comments/opinions.... Cheers !!

http://www.qondio.com/tricky-average-mean-median-mode

IIT JEE Papers 2002-2010 with solutions

Prestigious Engineering Entrance IIT JEE (Joint Entrance Examination) Papers 2002-2010 with solutions....Click Below to download.....

Download IIT JEE Papers 2002-2010 with solutions

Read/download books online for absolutely free

Well this post is dedicated to all the book lovers, who loves to read but can't afford to buy bestsellers. I do love to read books and believe in knowledge sharing, so here are the sites, where I visit often to read/download some good books for absolutely free.

1. Project Gutenberg: Huge Free Online Book Catalog :- There are over 25,000 free books in the Project Gutenberg Online Book Catalog. in over 30 international languages. The Project Gutenberg collection was produced by tens of thousands of volunteers. It includes books written by authors like Charles Dickens, Alexis Thomson, Alexander Miles, Mark Twain, William Shakespeare, Arthur J. Thomson etc.

2. Scribd:- My personal favorite, excellent free source of online reading of books, presentations, fictions, journals, guides, manuals, comics etc.

3. OnRead :- Onread is a free online read and download store where you can read whole books online for free and can download it for 99 cents (USD). It has one of the largest and latest collections.

4. MeeGenius:- A large collection of personalized ebooks for children, along with audio playbacks, parents can change characters’ names to make them more real. It will sound funny, but I love to read my childhood books/tales again in my free time.

5. ClassicReader:- Read classics but no option available for downloading. It's a strictly read online website.

6. ManyBooks:- Over 20.000 eBooks available, different formats like PDA, iPhone, iPod etc., audio formats are also available, 100% free, no sign up or email required.

7. Books by Professor Solomon :- Professor Solomon is a findologist, an expert at finding lost objects. Solomon is the author of How to Find Lost Objects, published by Penguin Books. His other publications include Japan in a Nutshell, Coney Island, How to Make the Most of a Flying Saucer Experience and The Book of King Solomon.

8. BScienceBooksOnline :- ScienceBooksOnline is a directory of free science ebooks in different subject categories like Astronomy, Biology, Math and others.

9. Wowio :- Wowio lets you legally download copyrighted ebooks from leading publishers for free. These include works of classic literature, variety of college textbooks, comic books, fiction books and more.

10. ReaderNaut :- Social-networking of books, share with your friends n family, what you are or you will be reading, your personal favorites etc.

Hope you find these sites helpful in enhancing your knowledge and thoughts.....cheers!

New Delhi - Faridabad Local EMU Train Time Table

Source :- http://indiarailinfo.com


From New Delhi to Faridabad

Click Image to download full schedule.......







From Faridabad to New Delhi

Click Image to download full schedule.......

Happy & Safe Journey

Free Copy of Which? Right Choice Magazine

Which? Right Choice is a new magazine to hit the stands in India. It is a monthly magazine that was launched in India recently but has around 50 years of experience in publishing and based in London, UK.

It is a magazine catering to the needs of Indian consumers to make the right choice in terms of buying from the Indian market. Right Choice Magazine is said to have a rich heritage and seems to have a history of giving the right news or info without any bias towards any brand or organization. Right Choice acts as an independent expert advice on most of the Indian products which you trust.

Click on image to register & receive your copy at your doorsteps absolutely free.

CAT Papers 2001 - 2008 with solutions

Prestigious B-School Entrance CAT Papers 2001 - 2008 with solutions*

Download CAT Papers 2001-2008 with Solutions


*Please note actual IIM answers may differ

Thailand : Temple of Tigers

Wat Pha Luang Ta Bua, or the Tiger Temple, is a Forest Monastery in western Thailand, 38 km from downtown Kanchaburi, in Saiyok District of Kanchanaburi Province .

It is a sanctuary for numerous animals, including several tame orphan tigers. The tigers walk around freely once a day and can be petted by visitors. The best visiting time is from 12.00 to 15.30 hrs. Getting to the Tiger Temple from Bangkok takes about two and a half hours’ drive. Visitors can catch a bus from Bangkok Southern Bus Terminal..... Read More...

There is a Black Market Controversy linked to this Tiger Thai Temple......... Read More...

India : Temple of Rats

Rajasthan’s famous Karni Mata Temple. This temple is in Deshnok town, thirty kilometers form Bikaner on way to Jodhpur. Over 20,000 of mice/rats, big and small run everywhere freely and fearlessly. Temple priests warn tourists, not to harm them in any way. Devotees feed these rats with milk and sweets, they believe that these rats/mice are the army of Karni Mata.

Read More...

Lockerz Invitations

Lockerz is the place to go to buy the coolest stuff at the lowest prices, watch exclusive video, discover new music, play the hottest games, hang out with your friends - and get rewarded for just about EVERYTHING you do on the site.


PTZ are Lockerz' proprietary loyalty "currency" that you earn whenever you buy, watch, play, share, invite friends, or even just show up on Lockerz. Redeem PTZ at the PTZ Place for incredible prizes, great products and dream experiences.

However, Lockerz is a membership only site. It's free, but you have to be invited by another member.

So if anybody want invitation to join Lockerz, then give your e-mail address and some useful information related to any post in this blog (in comments). I have 20 invitations left, so hurry up....

PDF Files : Life Saver

Today is an era of internet, pdf files revolutionized the document sharing on internet but when it comes to play with pdf files, it's expensive and complex.

PDF stands for Portable Document Format. Let me share my methods of playing with pdf files in an easy and absolutely free. Here comes....

- For reading pdf files, many free softwares/readers available on net like Adobe Reader 9.3 or Foxit Reader 3.2 are best among them.

- For converting any MS Office document into pdf file, CutePDF Writer 2.8, PDFCreator 0.9.9 or PrimoPDF 5.0.0.19 are best freeware/open source softwares available on net.

- Is it necessary to install any software on your hard drive to convert into pdf format, answer is simply No. Wonder How ! these online services offering free pdf conversion like pdfonline.com , doc2pdf.net , primopdf.com , freepdfconvert.com etc.

- Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of a pdf file can be done absolutely free & fast by visiting at free-ocr.com . This site also offers OCR of images like JPG, GIF, TIFF or BMP.

- Now, how to search for pdf files on google. When on google.com, click on Advanced Search, then select Adobe Acrobat PDF (.pdf) from drop down for "File type:" option given below. Alternatively, add " filetype:pdf" after your search term in the google search bar. You will get only pdf results.

- Freeware software like PDFTools 1.3, offers functions like encrypt, decrypt, join, split, stamp, create and rearrange a PDF file.

- There is one very cute feature of Adobe Reader that many may not know. It's called "Automatically Scroll". There is no need to manually scroll your file while reading. Goto "View", then select "Automatically Scroll". Using Up arrow and Down arrow, one can decrease/increase the scrolling speed respectively.

I hope these free and easy to use pdf tips/utilities will change you interaction with pdf files in more enjoyable way.

Speed up your pc/laptop

Hi friends,

I am sharing my cool, tried and absolutely free ways to speed up pc/laptop performance.

1. Install CCleaner, it's a freeware cleaning tool designed to remove unwanted startup entries, unwanted softwares, temporary files, form history, cookies, logs, recycle bin, recent documents, fake registry entries, remains of an uninstalled softwares etc. and much more. This tool is absolutely free to download and offers a great in removing garbage from laptop.

2. Defragment my hard drives once in a month.

3. Using AVG Antivirus free edition that includes both antivirus & antispyware services. Auto update is on and ensure scanning of laptop once every 15 days.

4. Using fastestfox 3.1 firefox plugin for enhanced browsing.

5. Using DownThemAll! 1.1 firefox plugin for speeding up download process. It includes inbuilt download manager which will extraordinarily speed up the download process.

6. When interacting with google sites like gmail, youtube, orkut, adsense etc., I prefer to use Google Chrome browser, it works faster on these sites than other browsers.

7. Always make sure that atleast 35% of the hard drive space remains free. I do take backup in DVDs regularly to remove unused data from pc/laptop.

8. Set up my virtual memory at exactly 1.5 to 2 times of my RAM. (From My Computer properties - Advanced - Performance Settings - Advanced - Virtual Memory)

9. Allocating just enough space to Recycle Bin(5% of hard drive), System Restore(5% of hard drive) etc. This gives me more space on hard drive to use.

10. Turning Automatic Window Update off but manually updating windows version once every 15 days.

11. Removed unnecessary startup entries (using CCleaner).

12. Don't delete OLD Prefetch Data, to make window startup and shutdown a bit faster. Uncheck this option in Ccleaner too.

These easy to use 12 ways are making my interaction with computer a comfortable and speedy experience.

Toll free numbers in India

Nice site - India's toll free guide on the web.

http://www.1-800.in/


Few of Them is listed as below ( Numbers may have changed, check the above site for updates)


Airlines

* Indian Airlines -1800 180 1407
* Jet Airways – 1800 22 5522
* Spice Jet – 1800 1803333
* Air India — 180022 7722
* Kingfisher -1800 180 0101

Banks

* ABN AMRO -1800 11 2224
* Canara Bank – 1800 44 6000
* Citibank – 1800 442265
* Corporation Bank -1800 443 555
* Development Credit Bank- 1800 22 5769
* HDFC Bank- 1800 227 227
* ICICI Bank- 1800 333 499
* ICICIBank NRI – 1800 22 4848
* IDBI Bank – 1800 11 6999
* Indian Bank – 1800 4251400
* ING Vysya – 1800 449900
* Kotak Mahindra Bank- 1800 22 6022
* Lord Krishna Bank- 1800 11 2300
* Punjab National Bank – 1800 122 222
* State Bank of India – 1800 441955
* Syndicate Bank -1800 44 6655

Automobiles

* Mahindra Scorpio -180022 6006
* Maruti – 1800111 515
* Tata Motors -1800 22 5552
* Windshield Experts- 1800 11 3636

Computers/IT

* Adrenalin -1800 444 445
* AMD – 1800 4256664
* Apple Computers -1800 444 683
* Canon -1800 333 366
* Cisco Systems- 1800 221 777
* Compaq -HP – 1800 444 999
* DataOne Broadband – 1800 424 1800
* Dell – 1800 444 026
* Epson – 1800 44 0011
* eSys – 3970 0011
* Genesis Tally Academy – 1800 444888
* HCL – 1800 1808080
* IBM – 1800 443 333
* Lexmark – 1800 224477
* Marshal’s Point -1800 33 4488
* Microsoft -1800 111 100
* Microsoft Virus Update- 1901 333 334
* Seagate- 1800 180 1104
* Symantec- 1800 44 5533
* TVSElectronics – 1800 444 566
* WeP Peripherals – 1800 44 6446
* Wipro – 1800 333312
* Xerox – 1800 1801225
* Zenith – 1800 222004

Indian Railway Enquiries

* Indian Railway General Enquiry 131
* Indian Railway Central Enquiry 131
* Indian Railway Reservation 131
* Indian Railway Railway Reservation Enquiry 1345, 1335, 1330
* Indian Railway Centralised Railway Enquiry 1330/1/2/3/4/ 5/6/7/8/9

Couriers/Packers &Movers

* ABT Courier-1800 44 8585
* AFL Wizz- 1800 22 9696
* AgarwalPackers & Movers – 1800 11 4321
* Associated Packers P Ltd – 180021 4560
* DHL – 1800 111345
* FedEx – 1800 226161
* Goel Packers & Movers- 1800 11 3456
* UPS- 1800 22 7171

Home Appliances

* Aiwa/Sony-1800 11 1188
* Anchor Switches – 1800 22 7979
* Blue Star – 1800 22 2200
* Bose Audio – 1800 11 2673
* Bru Coffee Vending Machines -1800 44 7171
* Daikin Air Conditioners- 1800 444 222
* Dish TV- 1800 12 3474
* Faber Chimneys – 1800 21 4595
* Godrej – 1800 22 5511
* Grundfos Pumps – 1800 334555
* LG – 1901 1809999
* Philips – 1800 224422
* Samsung – 1800 113444
* Sanyo – 1800 110101
* Voltas – 1800 334546
* World Space Satellite Radio- 1800 44 5432

Investments/Finance

* CAMS -1800 44 2267
* Chola Mutual Fund – 1800 222300
* Easy IPO’s – 30305757
* Fidelity Investments- 1800 180 8000
* FranklinTempleton Fund – 1800 425 4255
* J M Morgan Stanley – 1800 22 0004
* Kotak Mutual Fund – 1800222 626
* LIC Housing Finance- 1800 44 0005
* SBI MutualFund – 1800 22 3040
* Sharekhan – 1800 22 7500
* Tata Mutual Fund – 1800 220101

Travel

* Club Mahindra Holidays-1800 33 4539
* Cox &Kings – 1800 22 1235
* God TV Tours – 1800 442 777
* Kerala Tourism – 1800 444 747
* Kumarakom Lake Resort -1800 44 5030
* Raj Travels & Tours- 1800 22 9900
* Sita Tours – 1800 111 911
* SOTC Tours – 1800 22 3344

Healthcare

* Best on Health -1800 118899
* Dr Batras – 1800 116767
* GlaxoSmithKline -1800 22 8797
* Johnson & Johnson- 1800 22 8111
* Kaya SkinClinic – 1800 22 5292
* LifeCell – 1800 44 5323
* Manmar Technologies – 1800 334420
* Pfizer – 1800 442442
* Roche Accu-Chek -1800 11 45 46
* Rudraksha- 1800 21 4708
* VariluxLenses – 1800 44 8383
* VLCC – 1800 33 1262

Insurance

* AMP Sanmar -1800 442200
* Aviva – 1800 332244
* Bajaj Allianz – 180022 5858
* Chola MS General Insurance- 1800 44 5544
* HDFC Standard Life – 1800 227 227
* LIC – 1800 33 4433
* Max New York Life – 1800 335577
* SBI Life Insurance- 1800 22 9090

Hotel Reservations

* GRT Grand -1800 44 5500
* InterContinental Hotels Group -1800 111 000
* Marriott -1800 22 0044
* Sarovar Park Plaza- 1800 111 222
* Taj Holidays – 1800 111 825

Teleshopping

* Asian Sky Shop -1800 221800
* Jaipan Teleshoppe -1800 11 5225
* Tele Brands- 1800 11 8000
* VMI Teleshopping- 1800 447 777
* WWSTeleshopping – 1800 220 777

Others

* Domino’s Pizza -1800 111 123
* Pizza Hut – 3988-3988
* Mc Donalds – 1-800-4196666
* Lakme India 1-800-4196666
* Kurl-on – 1800 44 0404
* Sleepwell – 1800 11 2266
* Asian Paints Home Solutions – 1800 22 5678
* Berger Paints Home Decor – 1800 33 8800
* Consumer Helpline – 1800 11 4000
* KONE Elevator – 1800 444 666
* Indane – 1800 44 51 15
* Aavin – 1800 44 3300
* Pedigree – 1800 11 2121
* Kodak India – 1800 22 8877
* World Vision India – 1800 444 550
* Telecom Monitoring Cell – 1800 110 420

CellPhones

* BenQ-1800 22 08 08
* BirdCellPhones – 1800 11 7700
* Motorola MotoAssist – 1800 111211
* Nokia – 30303838
* Sony Ericsson – 39011111

Education

* Edu Plus – 1800 444 000
* Hindustan College – 1800 33 4438
* NCERT – 1800 11 1265
* Vellore Institute of Technology – 1800 441 555

Teleshopping

* Asian Sky Shop – 1800 22 1800
* Jaipan Teleshoppe – 1800 11 5225
* Tele Brands – 1800 11 8000
* VMI Teleshopping – 1800 447 777
* WWS Teleshopping – 1800 220 777

MBA Tutorials: Entity, Attribute and Relationships

Entity


An entity is a business object/real world thing like person, place, event etc. that represents a group, class or category of data.

Entities are represented by database tables in a relational database, with each row of the table representing an instance of that entity.

Like student, customer, school etc.



Attribute


A sub group of information within an entity.

Attribute is a unit fact that describes characteristics or properties of an entity.

Like roll no., age, name, height, weight are attributes that describe student.

Attributes are represented by table columns in database.



Relationships


Relationships are associations among entities.

Relationship lines indicate that each instance of an entity have a relationship with instances of the connected entity, and vice versa.

There are 4 types of relationships:-

One to One Relationship

A one to one relationship is an association between two entities where an instance of one entity can be associated with at most one instance of the other entity and vice versa. Like husband and wife etc.

The relationship is also mandatory in both directions.

One to Many Relationship

A one to many relationship is an association between two entities where an instance of one entity can be associated with more than one instances of the second entity while any instance of the second entity may be associated with at most one instance of the first. Like School and Student etc.

One to many relationships are quite common, in relational database, maximum relationships are in one to many format.

Many to Many Relationship

A many to many relationship is an association between two entities where any instance of the first entity may be associated with more than one instances of the second entity and vice versa. Like Teacher and Student etc.


Recursive Relationship

Instance of an entity may have relationships with other instances of the same entity. Like in an entity Employee, an instance (a particular employee) may be a father/mother/husband/wife/relative of another instance.

Depending upon the mutual relationships between the instances of the same entity, it can be classified into three categories :-

One to One
One to Many
Many to Many

MBA Tutorials: Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Institutional Investor

Foreign Direct Investment(FDIs)

* FDI occurs when an investor from one country obtains or acquires or invests in an asset in another country.
* Long term Investments
* Focus Long term returns
* In India, growth rate of FDI are more than the GDP growth rate
* In the long run, FDIs are able to provide stable capital inflows
* In the long run, FDIs are proved to be more fruitful and balanced from investment & savings point of view.


Foreign Institutional Investor(FIIs)

* An institution or entity, which invests money in the financial stock markets or securities of another country.
* Invest in Equities & Debts
* Short term Investments
* Highly volatile
* Focus Short term returns
* FIIs have been the key drivers of the stock markets.
* When FIIs withdraw the capital from the domestic market or we can say when they sell their share it creates the demand for US dollar and that time demand for dollar will be more and INR will depreciate.

India's Copyright Office

Official website of Indian Copyright Office, the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development.

Various details can be find out like:-

• Copyright, Act 1957
• Copyright Rules, 1958
• Copyright Handbook
• International Copyright Order, 1999
• Copyright Piracy in India
• RTI Act

Click on above image to visit the website.

Scholarships In India

All the currently available and closed scholarship & fellowship notifications in India.

• Scholarships In India
• International Scholarships
• Awards & Competitions
• Fellowships In India

A must visit site for young budding scholars, engineers, doctors, MBA etc.

Speed up your Internet Download

In Windows Xp, by default, 20% bandwidth is reserved by Microsoft for their own purposes (updates, interrogating your machine, etc.)

To eliminate this reserved bandwidth space, perform the following steps :-

1. Type gpedit.msc in Run, this will group policy editor.

2. Navigate to "Local Computer Policy" --> "Computer Configuration" --> "Administrative Templates" --> "Network" --> "QOS Packet Scheduler"

3. Double click "Limit Reservable Bandwidth"

4. Check "Enable" and set "Bandwidth limit[%]" to zero and click OK

Now you 20% more bandwidth for your internet work.....Enjoy Surfing........
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