MBA Tutorials: Entity, Attribute and Relationships

Entity


An entity is a business object/real world thing like person, place, event etc. that represents a group, class or category of data.

Entities are represented by database tables in a relational database, with each row of the table representing an instance of that entity.

Like student, customer, school etc.



Attribute


A sub group of information within an entity.

Attribute is a unit fact that describes characteristics or properties of an entity.

Like roll no., age, name, height, weight are attributes that describe student.

Attributes are represented by table columns in database.



Relationships


Relationships are associations among entities.

Relationship lines indicate that each instance of an entity have a relationship with instances of the connected entity, and vice versa.

There are 4 types of relationships:-

One to One Relationship

A one to one relationship is an association between two entities where an instance of one entity can be associated with at most one instance of the other entity and vice versa. Like husband and wife etc.

The relationship is also mandatory in both directions.

One to Many Relationship

A one to many relationship is an association between two entities where an instance of one entity can be associated with more than one instances of the second entity while any instance of the second entity may be associated with at most one instance of the first. Like School and Student etc.

One to many relationships are quite common, in relational database, maximum relationships are in one to many format.

Many to Many Relationship

A many to many relationship is an association between two entities where any instance of the first entity may be associated with more than one instances of the second entity and vice versa. Like Teacher and Student etc.


Recursive Relationship

Instance of an entity may have relationships with other instances of the same entity. Like in an entity Employee, an instance (a particular employee) may be a father/mother/husband/wife/relative of another instance.

Depending upon the mutual relationships between the instances of the same entity, it can be classified into three categories :-

One to One
One to Many
Many to Many

MBA Tutorials: Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Institutional Investor

Foreign Direct Investment(FDIs)

* FDI occurs when an investor from one country obtains or acquires or invests in an asset in another country.
* Long term Investments
* Focus Long term returns
* In India, growth rate of FDI are more than the GDP growth rate
* In the long run, FDIs are able to provide stable capital inflows
* In the long run, FDIs are proved to be more fruitful and balanced from investment & savings point of view.


Foreign Institutional Investor(FIIs)

* An institution or entity, which invests money in the financial stock markets or securities of another country.
* Invest in Equities & Debts
* Short term Investments
* Highly volatile
* Focus Short term returns
* FIIs have been the key drivers of the stock markets.
* When FIIs withdraw the capital from the domestic market or we can say when they sell their share it creates the demand for US dollar and that time demand for dollar will be more and INR will depreciate.

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HUGO Element Fragrance free sample

HUGO BOSS is represented in the fashion market by the BOSS and HUGO brands. These brand collections and their fashion lines are aimed at various target groups, creating a brand world of extraordinary fashion diversity at a constantly high level of quality.

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Nestle Carnation Free Holiday Recipe Guide

NESTLE CARNATION is giving away flavorful and varied recipe guide. Guide contains following categories :-

Breakfast & Brunch
Appetizers
Bake n Take
Game Day Winners
Second Day Sensations

Click the image to download your free copy.

Nelson's Pure & Clear Free Sample

Pure & Clear natural acne care targets acne from the inside and out. The easy to follow 3 step system helps to banish acne, pimples and blackheads all over the body, not just your face!

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Win some cool CHEETOS Mouse Pads

Register here and win some cool CHEETOS Mouse Pads.

Light a Diya online and LG will Donate Rs.1 to CRY

Click on the image and light a diya.
Contribute to this noble cause and invite more and more friends to take part in this gesture.

India's Copyright Office

Official website of Indian Copyright Office, the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development.

Various details can be find out like:-

• Copyright, Act 1957
• Copyright Rules, 1958
• Copyright Handbook
• International Copyright Order, 1999
• Copyright Piracy in India
• RTI Act

Click on above image to visit the website.

Scholarships In India

All the currently available and closed scholarship & fellowship notifications in India.

• Scholarships In India
• International Scholarships
• Awards & Competitions
• Fellowships In India

A must visit site for young budding scholars, engineers, doctors, MBA etc.

MBA Tutorials: Economic Growth and Economic Development

Economic Growth

-It is a Narrower Concept.
-It refers to quantitative changes in the economy.
-This term generally signifies developed countries
-It is an increase in a country's quantitative national output.
-It can be measured by an increase in a country's GDP(Gross National Product).


Economic Development

-It is a Broader Concept.
-It refers to both qualitative and quantitative changes in the economy.
-This term generally signifies developing or under-developed countries.
-It is an increase in living standards, improvements in self needs/demands, having more choices/options etc.
-It's measurement depends upon various factors like Life Expectancy Index, Education Index, Adult Literacy Index, Human Development Index etc.


Economic Growth is the necessary but not sufficient for Economic Development.

Lacoste Perfumes : Free Samples for men n women

Lacoste has launched a new scent for men.

Lacoste Challenge

Lacoste launched its new exhilarating fragrance for men Challenge - a dynamic and energetic scent designed to inspire men to embrace the life's challenges with confidence, flair and enthusiasm.



Also offering free sample for women

* Love of Pink (for women)
* Touch of Pink (for women)

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